What is the term for progress that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs?
Correct answer B. Sustainable development
Topic / 43 questions
Natural Resources and the Environment Toward Sustainable Development MCQs
Natural Resources and the Environment Toward Sustainable Development MCQs cover how economists measure output, value natural resources and deal with pollution. They help economics students and CSS, PMS and BCS candidates. Each question has an instant answer, so you can check national income formulas and environmental economics ideas as you go.
- Miscellaneous Economics 737
- Basic of Economics 430
- Markets, Efficiency And The Public Interest 167
- Agriculture & Irrigation System of Pakistan 126
- Market 87
- Macroeconomic Issues and Analysis 75
- Money, Interest Rates And Output 73
- Introduction To Economics 70
- Population And Development 62
- Profit Maximizing Under Perfect Competition And Monopoly 56
- Income Inequality 52
- Non-Tariff Trade Barriers 48
- Aggregate Supply, Unemployment And Inflation 45
- Natural Resources and the Environment Toward Sustainable Development 44
- Costs , Supply And Perfect Competition 44
- Human Capital 42
- Labour Market 39
- Monopoly 35
- Long Term Economic Growth 30
- Inflation & Productivity 30
- Regional Trading Arrangements 29
- Characteristics and Institutions of Developing Countries 24
- Oligopoly 23
- Consumer Theory vs. Real Consumers 20
- Applied Microeconomics 20
- Alternative Theories Of The Firm 20
- Public Goods 20
- Balance of Payments, Aid and Foreign Investment 19
- Prices, Wages & Taxes 19
- Comparative GDP 19
- Budget Deficits And The Trade Balance 18
- Macroeconomic Policy Tools 18
- Asymmetric Information 17
- Application of Economics 16
- Production Factors 16
- Monopoly & Competition 15
- Capital Formation, Investment Choice, Information Technology, And Technical Progress 15
- Monetary, Fiscal And Incomes Policy, And Inflation 15
- Average And Total Cost 14
- Poverty, Malnutrition, And Income Inequality 12
- Monetary Union 10
The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), whose members agree to limit output and fix prices, is what type of organisation?
Correct answer B. Cartel
Which of the following illustrates the tragedy of the commons?
Correct answer D. Overfishing
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What is another name for a negative externality?
Correct answer B. External diseconomies
In the 1970s, booming North Sea gas export earnings pushed up the Dutch guilder, making industrial exports dearer abroad and raising foreign competition and unemployment. What is this effect called?
Correct answer B. Dutch disease
Theodore Panayotou (1993) traced environmental degradation to several causes. Which of the following was NOT one of them?
Correct answer C. The expansion of capitalism
Which of the following are effects of deforestation: I. localised flooding, II. reduced sustainable logging potential, III. reduced watershed stability, IV. increased carbon storage by forests?
Correct answer B. I, II and III only
In environmental economics, what does irreversibility refer to?
Correct answer B. Natural resource that cannot be reproduced in the future if we fail to preserve them now
Which statement best describes biodiversity?
Correct answer A. Includes genetic species ecosystem and functional diversities
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What did the Montreal Protocol, signed in 1987 and strengthened in 1990, achieve?
Correct answer A. Reduces ozone depletion through the cutting of chlorofluorocarbon production
Which statement correctly describes the Genuine Progress Indicator?
Correct answer D. Also known as index of Sustainable Economic Welfare per capita
How are land and natural resources usually classified in economics?
Correct answer B. Non-producible
Air pollution from car exhausts and water pollution from steel plants are examples of what?
Correct answer A. Negative externalities
When a government taxes polluters or adds a surcharge to pesticide use, what is it doing?
Correct answer C. Internalization of negative spillover effects
Which country holds roughly 25 percent of the world’s estimated oil reserves, has the lowest production costs and plays a dominant role in OPEC pricing?
Correct answer D. Saudi Arabia
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Consider these possible effects of growth in the booming export sector: I. It reduces the price of foreign exchange. II. It slows other sectors’ growth by reducing incentives to export other goods. III. It reduces incentives to substitute domestic goods for imports. IV. It raises factor and input prices for non-booming sectors. Which of them does Michael Roemer’s three-sector model identify?
Correct answer D. I, II, III and IV
Coase’s theorem states that, if property rights are clearly defined and legally enforceable and transaction costs are not prohibitive, what will happen?
Correct answer D. Participants will organize their transactions
Many environmental resources are public goods. What characterises a public good?
Correct answer B. Non-rivalry and non-exclusion in consumption
What is the greenhouse effect?
Correct answer C. The Earth’s atmosphere traps infrared radiation
According to the Club of Rome study The Limits to Growth, what happens as natural resources run down?
Correct answer D. Costs rise, leaving less capital for future investment
About Natural Resources and the Environment Toward Sustainable Development MCQs
This Economics topic links national income accounting with environmental economics. Questions ask you to define Gross National Product, Net National Product and national income, and to explain externalities, especially negative externalities such as pollution, which impose costs on third parties. You will also meet the Coase theorem on private bargaining over property rights, and the Club of Rome study The Limits to Growth, which warned that resource depletion could constrain growth. Sustainable development ideas, such as meeting present needs without harming future generations, are increasingly common in development economics papers and essay-style exams.
Exams that include Natural Resources and the Environment Toward Sustainable Development MCQs
Pakistan
- CSS
- PMS
- FPSC
- PPSC
- Lecturer tests
- Banking job tests
India
- UPSC CSE
- UGC NET
- IBPS PO
- SBI PO
Bangladesh
- BCS
- Bangladesh Bank recruitment
- Bank job exams
Frequently asked questions
What does the Coase theorem state?
The Coase theorem states that when property rights are clearly defined and enforceable, and transaction costs are low, private parties can bargain to an efficient outcome on an externality. The result does not depend on which party first holds the right, although the distribution of gains does.
How is Net National Product calculated?
Net National Product equals Gross National Product minus depreciation, the value of capital used up during the year. GNP itself equals GDP plus net factor (property) income from abroad. These identities are tested often, so memorise them in order from GDP to NNP.
How many MCQs on this topic are on MCQs360?
MCQs360 has 44 Natural Resources and the Environment Toward Sustainable Development MCQs, all with instant answers. The set is free and needs no sign-up, making it a quick way to revise national income and environmental economics before CSS, PMS, UGC NET or BCS papers.
Last reviewed October 2026