A. the tragedy of commons
B. sustainable development
C. net primary productivity (NPP)
D. the impossibility theorem
Natural Resources and the Environment Toward Sustainable Development
The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is a(n) ………whose members agree to limit output and fix prices?
A. monopoly
B. entropy
C. industry
D. cartel
Which of the following is an example of tragedy of commons ?
A. over fishing
B. smoking in a public place
C. excessive rain
D. common use of public toilets
Negative externality is also known as ?
A. external diseconomies
B. marginal damage
C. public goods
D. resource curse
The booming of North Seas’ gas export revenues in the 1970s that appreciated the guilder, making industrial export more costly in foreign currencies and increasing foreign competition and unemployment is known as ?
A. Trade deficit
B. Blind river disease
C. Dutch disease
D. Economic turmoil
Theodore panayotou (1993) argues that environment degradation originates from the following EXCEPT ?
A. markets distortions
B. defective economic policies
C. inadequate property
D. the expansion of capitalism
Deforestation ?
I- leads to localized flooding
II- reduces sustainable logging potential
III- reduces watershed stability
IV augments carbon restoration provided by forest
Irreversibility refers to ?
A. natural resource that cannot be reproduced in the future if we fail to preserve them now
B. obtaining intellectual property rights for products
C. natural extinction of various species in DCs
D. industrialization replacing agriculture in LDCs
Biodiversity ?
A. includes genetic species ecosystem and functional diversities
B. refers to diversifying earth’s nonrenewable resource
C. refers to reconstruction of tropical rainforests
D. refers to biological effects on commercial plantation
The Montreal Protocal, signed in 1987 and strengthened in 1990 ?
A. attains the global optimal level of common property resource
B. relies on internationally tradable emission permits
C. minimizes free riders of public goods
D. reduces ozone depletion through the cutting of chlorofluorocarbon production