How was Dolly the sheep produced?
Correct answer D. Transferring the nucleus of an adult udder cell into an enucleated egg cell
Subject / 1,067 questions
MDCAT Biology MCQs
MDCAT Biology MCQs are multiple-choice questions on the biology units of the medical college admission test, from biological molecules and cell structure to inheritance, immunity and biotechnology. Each unit is a separate practice set, and every question on MCQs360 shows the correct answer instantly so you can check your understanding as you revise.
- Biological Molecules 74
- Coordination and Control 72
- Biology Diagnostic 70
- Cell Structure and Function 67
- Biotechnology 65
- Reproduction 58
- Bioenergetics 55
- Circulation 50
- Inheritance 48
- Digestion 45
- Immunity 45
- Support and Movement 45
- Acellular Life (Viruses) 45
- Homeostasis 45
- Respiration and Gaseous Exchange 45
- Evolution 45
- Enzymes 45
- Cell Cycle 41
- Chromosome and DNA 40
- Biology Introduction 38
- Ecosystem 27
What is an advantage of recombinant human insulin over insulin extracted from animals?
Correct answer A. It is identical to human insulin and less likely to cause allergic reactions
How is the recombinant hepatitis B vaccine produced?
Correct answer B. Yeast cells containing the gene for the viral surface antigen produce the antigen
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Which two cell types are fused to make a hybridoma for producing monoclonal antibodies?
Correct answer A. An antibody-producing B lymphocyte and a myeloma (cancer) cell
What is a DNA probe used in disease diagnosis?
Correct answer D. A short labelled single strand of DNA complementary to a target sequence
Why is reverse transcriptase used to make the gene for human insulin that is inserted into bacteria?
Correct answer B. Bacteria cannot remove introns, so cDNA copied from mature mRNA is needed
Which disease was among the first to be treated by gene therapy?
Correct answer A. Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to ADA deficiency
Which product of recombinant DNA technology is used to treat certain viral infections and some cancers?
Correct answer D. Interferon
Children who lack growth hormone can be treated with hormone produced by which method?
Correct answer B. Recombinant bacteria carrying the human growth hormone gene
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What is a transgenic organism?
Correct answer D. An organism containing a gene transferred from another species
Why is a recombinant subunit vaccine considered safer than a live attenuated vaccine?
Correct answer A. It contains only an antigen protein and cannot cause infection
What type of sequence do most restriction endonucleases recognise in DNA?
Correct answer A. Short palindromic sequences
What are ‘sticky ends’ produced by some restriction enzymes?
Correct answer B. Short single-stranded overhangs with complementary bases
Which enzyme seals the sugar-phosphate backbone when a gene is inserted into a plasmid?
Correct answer C. DNA ligase
Why do plasmid vectors often carry a gene for antibiotic resistance?
Correct answer B. To act as a marker for selecting bacteria that have taken up the plasmid
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What is the natural function of restriction enzymes in bacteria?
Correct answer A. Destroying the DNA of invading bacteriophages
Why is Taq polymerase used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
Correct answer B. It is stable at the high temperatures used to separate DNA strands
What happens during the step of PCR carried out at about 94 to 95 °C?
Correct answer D. The double-stranded DNA separates into single strands
Starting from one double-stranded DNA molecule, how many copies are present after 10 PCR cycles, assuming perfect efficiency?
Correct answer B. 1024
What is the role of primers in PCR?
Correct answer D. They provide a starting point to which DNA polymerase adds nucleotides
About MDCAT Biology MCQs
In the PMDC MDCAT 2025 curriculum, Biology is the largest section, with 81 of the 180 MCQs spread across 16 units. The units are Acellular Life, Bioenergetics, Biological Molecules, Cell Structure and Function, Coordination and Control, Enzymes, Evolution, Reproduction, Support and Movement, Inheritance, Circulation, Immunity, Respiration, Digestion, Homeostasis and Biotechnology. Most questions test understanding of human physiology and core cell biology rather than isolated trivia.
This page groups the practice sets by unit so you can work through the syllabus in order or target weak areas. Alongside the curriculum units there are sets from the wider FSc course, such as Cell Cycle, Chromosome and DNA and Ecosystem, plus a mixed Biology Diagnostic set for timed self-assessment before the test. Working through one unit at a time, then mixing units in timed sets, builds both accuracy and the speed the paper demands.
Key facts to remember
- Biology carries 81 of the 180 MCQs in the PMDC MDCAT 2025 curriculum, more than any other subject.
- Enzymes are biological catalysts, and almost all of them are globular proteins.
- DNA is a double helix of two antiparallel strands, as described by Watson and Crick in 1953.
- The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney.
- IgG is the most abundant antibody in plasma and the only class that crosses the placenta.
- Haemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder, so it is far more common in males than in females.
Exams that include MDCAT Biology MCQs
Pakistan
- MDCAT
- NUMS
- AKU
- FSc boards
India
- NEET
Bangladesh
- HSC
- Medical Admission Test
How to prepare for MDCAT Biology MCQs
- Download the official PMDC curriculum and tick off each learning objective as you practise the matching unit set.
- Give extra time to the large human physiology units, such as Circulation, Homeostasis, Coordination and Control and Immunity.
- Practise genetics and Hardy-Weinberg calculations with pen and paper until you can solve them in under a minute.
- Attempt the Biology Diagnostic set under timed conditions each week and revise every unit where you lose marks.
Frequently asked questions
How many Biology MCQs are in MDCAT?
Under the PMDC MDCAT 2025 curriculum, Biology accounts for 81 of the 180 MCQs, which makes it the largest section of the paper. The questions are drawn from 16 units covering cell biology, human physiology, genetics, evolution and biotechnology.
Which exams ask MDCAT Biology MCQs?
In Pakistan, MDCAT Biology questions appear in MDCAT, the NUMS and AKU entry tests and FSc board papers. Students in India meet the same content in NEET, and in Bangladesh it is tested in HSC Biology and the Medical Admission Test.
What is the best way to prepare for MDCAT Biology?
Read each unit from your FSc textbook against the PMDC learning objectives, then practise that unit's MCQs straight away. Keep short notes of definitions, diagrams and processes, and review the questions you answered wrongly a few days later.
Last reviewed October 2026