How does deoxygenated haemoglobin help to buffer blood pH?
Correct answer B. It accepts H⁺ ions to form haemoglobinic acid (HHb)
Topic / 45 questions
Respiration and Gaseous Exchange MCQs
Page 2 of Respiration and Gaseous Exchange multiple-choice questions with answers. Tap an option to check yourself.
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People who live at high altitude for a long time show which adaptation?
Correct answer A. More red blood cells due to increased erythropoietin secretion
During inspiration, what is the pressure inside the lungs compared with atmospheric pressure?
Correct answer B. Slightly lower than atmospheric pressure
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How does a higher carbon dioxide concentration in respiring tissues affect the oxygen dissociation curve?
Correct answer D. It shifts the curve to the right, so haemoglobin releases oxygen more readily
What is the chloride shift in red blood cells?
Correct answer D. Movement of Cl⁻ ions into red cells as HCO₃⁻ ions diffuse out
Which enzyme in red blood cells speeds up the reaction CO₂ + H₂O → H₂CO₃?
Correct answer C. Carbonic anhydrase
In what form is the largest proportion of carbon dioxide transported in the blood?
Correct answer D. As hydrogencarbonate (bicarbonate) ions in plasma
Vital capacity is the sum of which lung volumes?
Correct answer A. Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume
How do goblet cells and ciliated cells together keep the airways clean?
Correct answer A. Goblet cells secrete mucus that traps particles and cilia sweep it towards the pharynx
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What type of epithelium forms the walls of the alveoli?
Correct answer B. Simple squamous epithelium
What is the main function of surfactant secreted in the alveoli?
Correct answer B. To lower surface tension and prevent alveoli collapsing
Why do many premature babies suffer from respiratory distress syndrome?
Correct answer B. Their lungs have not yet produced enough surfactant
Which change occurs during inspiration in humans?
Correct answer D. The diaphragm contracts and flattens
Why is normal quiet expiration described as a passive process?
Correct answer D. It depends mainly on elastic recoil of the lungs as inspiratory muscles relax
Which muscles contract during forced expiration, for example while coughing?
Correct answer D. Internal intercostal and abdominal muscles
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What is the approximate tidal volume of a resting adult human?
Correct answer B. 500 cm³
Which lung volume cannot be measured directly with a simple spirometer?
Correct answer D. Residual volume
A person has tidal volume 500 cm³, inspiratory reserve 3000 cm³, expiratory reserve 1100 cm³ and residual volume 1200 cm³. What is the total lung capacity?
Correct answer A. 5800 cm³
A resting adult breathes 12 times per minute with a tidal volume of 500 cm³. What is the pulmonary (minute) ventilation?
Correct answer A. 6000 cm³ per minute
A person has tidal volume 500 cm³, anatomical dead space 150 cm³ and a breathing rate of 12 per minute. What is the alveolar ventilation?
Correct answer B. 4200 cm³ per minute