A. Pioneers community
B. Climax community
C. Top community
D. Transient community
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A. Pioneers community
B. Climax community
C. Top community
D. Transient community
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A. Dermatocarpon
B. Permellia
C. Tortula
D. Both b and c
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A. Secondary succession starting in a pond
B. Primary succession starting in a pond
C. Primary succession starting on a dry soil
D. All of these
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A. A bar rock sand
B. Clear glacial pool
C. From remains of previous ecosystem
D. Fire
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A. Climax community
B. Pioneers community
C. Top community
D. Stable community
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A. Climax community
B. Pioneers community
C. Initiator community
D. Seral community
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A. Spherophytes
B. Mesophytes
C. Xerophytes
D. Teridophytes
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A. Niche
B. Succession
C. Alterations
D. Neo-ecology
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A. Producers are heterotrophic organisms
B. Consumers are autotrophic organisms
C. Fungi and bacteria are decomposers
D. Consumers release chemical elements as ions
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A. Atmosphere
B. Hydrosphere
C. Lithosphere
D. All of these
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