Under which Act were the High Courts at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras established?
Correct answer B. Indian High Courts Act, 1861
Topic / 30 questions
Indian Judiciary MCQs
Indian Judiciary MCQs cover the Supreme Court, High Courts and subordinate courts, their jurisdiction, the appointment and transfer of judges, writs, public interest litigation and landmark judgments. Every question on MCQs360 shows the correct answer instantly, helping UPSC, SSC and state PSC candidates master this high-scoring area.
Under Article 124(3), a person who has been an advocate of a High Court for how many years is qualified to be a Supreme Court judge?
Correct answer B. 10 years
Which Act established Gram Nyayalayas to provide access to justice at the grassroots level?
Correct answer D. Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008
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Under which Article may the President transfer a judge from one High Court to another?
Correct answer C. Article 222
The curative petition, a remedy available after a review petition is dismissed, was evolved in which case?
Correct answer B. Rupa Ashok Hurra v. Ashok Hurra
When the Supreme Court began functioning in 1950, how many judges did it have, including the Chief Justice?
Correct answer D. 8
Which Article allows the Supreme Court to grant special leave to appeal from any court or tribunal in India?
Correct answer B. Article 136
Which Article vests control over district courts and subordinate courts in the High Court?
Correct answer D. Article 235
Under Article 233, district judges are appointed by the Governor in consultation with which authority?
Correct answer B. The High Court
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The National Green Tribunal was established in which year?
Correct answer D. 2010
Which Article provides for administrative tribunals to decide disputes concerning recruitment and service conditions of public servants?
Correct answer D. Article 323A
Which Article, inserted by the 42nd Amendment, directs the state to provide equal justice and free legal aid?
Correct answer A. Article 39A
Under which Act do Lok Adalats have statutory status?
Correct answer A. Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987
Which Article declares laws inconsistent with or in derogation of Fundamental Rights to be void?
Correct answer C. Article 13
The Hussainara Khatoon case of 1979, an early landmark of public interest litigation, concerned which group?
Correct answer C. Undertrial prisoners in Bihar
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Which Article provides for a common High Court for two or more states?
Correct answer A. Article 231
The National Judicial Appointments Commission created by the 99th Amendment was struck down by the Supreme Court in which year?
Correct answer B. 2015
Which Article of the Constitution of India establishes the Supreme Court?
Correct answer B. Article 124
The collegium system of appointing judges in India evolved mainly from which line of Supreme Court judgments?
Correct answer B. The Judges cases
Which Act lays down the procedure for investigating charges against a judge of the Supreme Court or a High Court?
Correct answer A. Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968
About Indian Judiciary MCQs
The Supreme Court questions cover its establishment and inauguration, original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction, special leave petitions under Article 136, review under Article 137, the binding effect of its law under Article 141 and the curative petition. Judicial review and Article 13, the five writs and the evolution of the collegium system through the Judges Cases are also tested, often by asking which Article grants a particular power.
Questions on High Courts and lower courts cover the Indian High Courts Act 1861, retirement ages, transfer of judges under Article 222, appointment of district judges under Article 233 and High Court control of subordinate courts under Article 235. Statutory forums such as the National Green Tribunal and Gram Nyayalayas, and early public interest litigation cases, complete the topic, with cases such as Hussainara Khatoon highlighting the rights of undertrial prisoners.
Key facts to remember
- The Supreme Court of India was inaugurated on 28 January 1950 and is established under Article 124.
- Article 32 empowers the Supreme Court, and Article 226 the High Courts, to issue writs.
- The five writs are habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, certiorari and quo warranto.
- Supreme Court judges retire at 65 and High Court judges at 62; the 15th Amendment of 1963 raised the High Court age from 60.
- The curative petition was evolved in Rupa Ashok Hurra v. Ashok Hurra (2002).
- Under Article 143, the President may seek the advisory opinion of the Supreme Court.
Exams that include Indian Judiciary MCQs
India
- UPSC CSE Prelims
- SSC CGL
- SSC CHSL
- State PSCs
- RRB NTPC
- CTET
How to prepare for Indian Judiciary MCQs
- Learn the meaning of each writ and when it is used; mandamus means 'we command'.
- List judiciary Articles in order (124 to 147 for the Supreme Court, 214 to 237 for High Courts and subordinate courts).
- Keep a short table of landmark cases with year and the principle each established.
- Note founding years of tribunals and statutory forums, such as the NGT in 2010 and Gram Nyayalayas under the 2008 Act.
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between Article 32 and Article 226?
Article 32 lets a person move the Supreme Court directly for enforcement of Fundamental Rights and is itself a Fundamental Right. Article 226 empowers High Courts to issue writs for Fundamental Rights and also for any other legal purpose, so its scope is wider.
What is the collegium system?
The collegium system is the method by which the Chief Justice of India and senior Supreme Court judges recommend appointments and transfers of judges in the higher judiciary. It is not written in the Constitution and evolved through the Second and Third Judges Cases of 1993 and 1998.
Which exams include Indian Judiciary questions?
Judiciary questions are common in the UPSC Civil Services prelims, SSC CGL and CHSL, state PSC exams including judicial service preliminaries, RRB NTPC and CTET social studies. Writs, Article numbers and landmark cases are the most frequent areas.
Last reviewed October 2026