Whose theory of social change comes closest to Iqbal’s verse ‘Tujh ko bataoon taqdeer-e-umam kya hai, shamsheer-o-sinan awwal, taus-o-rabab akhir’?
Correct answer B. Ibn Khaldun
Explanation
The verse says nations begin with sword and spear and end with music and luxury, mirroring Ibn Khaldun's cycle in which vigorous groups rise, grow soft through luxury and decline.
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