Which kernel design moves services such as file systems and device drivers into user-space processes that communicate by message passing?
Correct answer C. Microkernel
Explanation
A microkernel keeps only minimal functions such as low-level memory management, scheduling and inter-process communication in kernel mode, and runs other services as user processes. This improves reliability and extensibility but message passing adds overhead. A monolithic kernel, like traditional UNIX and Linux, places all these services in one kernel address space for speed.
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