Several short I/O-bound processes repeatedly wait behind one long CPU-bound process under FCFS. What is this effect called?
Correct answer D. Convoy effect
Explanation
In the convoy effect, short processes queue behind one big process that holds the CPU, so devices sit idle and average waiting time rises. It is a known weakness of non-preemptive FCFS. Belady's anomaly concerns page faults increasing with more frames, thrashing is excessive paging, and priority inversion is a high-priority task blocked by a lower-priority one holding a lock.
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