In learning theory, which concept is Edwin Guthrie most closely associated with?
Correct answer C. contiguity of S and R
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Psychology MCQs
Page 46 of Psychology multiple-choice questions with answers. Tap an option to check yourself.
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In which form of conditioning is the conditioned stimulus presented after the unconditioned stimulus?
Correct answer D. Backward conditioning
When one of Wolfgang Kohler’s chimpanzees joined two sticks together to reach some bananas, what did Kohler say it demonstrated?
Correct answer A. Insight
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Which technique is used when shaping behaviour?
Correct answer B. differential reinforcement
Which of these techniques is based on the principles of classical conditioning?
Correct answer A. Systematic desensitisation
Which type of learning cannot be observed directly?
Correct answer C. Perceptual learning
Under which reinforcement schedule is it most important for an organism to estimate time accurately?
Correct answer A. fixed interval
According to Bandura and Walters, which of the following is NOT a process involved in observational learning?
Correct answer A. Chaining process
In operant conditioning, which reinforcement schedule should you use to produce behaviour that is highly resistant to extinction?
Correct answer C. Variable ratio
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Which psychologist would most strongly emphasise the importance of observational learning?
Correct answer C. Bandura
Which phenomenon did Pavlov study?
Correct answer B. Classical conditioning
What is the ability to tell apart a conditioned stimulus from similar stimuli that do not predict an unconditioned stimulus called?
Correct answer A. Discrimination
Through which technique can behaviour therapists help people break unwanted habits such as smoking or overeating?
Correct answer A. operant conditioning
Which reinforcement schedule makes a learned response most resistant to extinction?
Correct answer B. Variable ratio
What is the name for reinforcing successively closer approximations to a target behaviour?
Correct answer D. Shaping
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Pavlov’s discovery of what we now call classical conditioning grew out of his earlier research on what?
Correct answer A. digestive reflexes in dogs
What is any process called that increases the likelihood of a particular operant response being repeated?
Correct answer B. Reinforcement
A student who has never studied tries it for once and is delighted to get a B instead of the usual D. As a result, the student begins studying regularly. What explains this change?
Correct answer C. Positive reinforcement
Which learning mechanism did B.F. Skinner regard as the main way behaviour is learned?
Correct answer A. operant conditioning
An operant response stops occurring because it is no longer reinforced. What has taken place?
Correct answer D. Extinction