A. stigma
B. commitment
C. aspiration
D. motivation
E. acceptance
Crime and Deviance
The “natural law” approach is essentially concerned with………………?
A. civil law or torts
B. limiting the powers of wealthy businessmen
C. family law
D. limiting the powers of government
E. the protection of universal human rights
Robert Merton’s ideas on crime and deviance make use of the concept of anomie. What does anomie mean in Merton’s work ?
A. Normlessness
B. meaninglessness
C. social strain
D. social adaptation
Which of these is not a concept associated with Left Realist explanations of criminal subcultures ?
A. social exclusion
B. individual pathology
C. political marginalization
D. relative deprivation
Which of the following is not a reason why corporate crime is more difficult to prosecute compared with individual crimes ?
A. victims may not realise that a crime has been committed
B. it is more difficult to apportion blame to corporate criminals
C. legal systems are founded on individual not collective responsibility
D. corporate offences cause less harm than crimes against an individual
What is defined as ‘non-conformity to a given set or norms that are accepted by a significant number of people in a community or society ?
A. criminality
B. deviance
C. recidivism
D. degeneracy
Which approach framed their analysis of crime and deviance in terms of this preservation of power by the ruling class ?
A. New Left Realism
B. Right Realism
C. new criminology
D. interactionism
Which of these is NOT an example of target hardening ?
A. anti-social behavior orders
B. Steering locks
C. burglar alrams
D. CCTV
What is the term that describes repeat offending by those who have been in prison ?
A. rehabilitation
B. deterrence
C. reform
D. recidivism